How do plastics respond to new demands for automotive materials
How do plastics respond to new demands for automotive materials
Based on the material effect on the development of the society, people have put the information technology, energy and materials and listed as the three pillars of modern civilization and life, among them, the material is the basis of energy and information technology. The scientific and technological level of a country is often reflected in the advanced technology of materials. As the world's largest car manufacturing industry, the social from all walks of life call "high and new science and technology", in the material technological progress will certainly continue to play an important role.
New material technology research and development must solve the following problems, which can promote the application of the automobile: one is recyclability. About a quarter of the material on the car is unrecyclable and recycled, including: 1 in rubber, 1/3 in plastic and 1/3 in glass and fiber; Unable to meet the requirements of circular economy and environmental protection.
The second is to reduce the types of materials. At present, the materials used in automobiles (especially those made of high polymer materials) can be as high as dozens of materials, and the material production process is different, and the general use is poor, which is not conducive to recycling and recycling.
Three is the low cost. The important factor that restricts the use of new materials on cars is the cost, which is the inevitable trend to obtain the mass production in the automobile manufacturing industry.
Fourth, shorten the production cycle and improve production efficiency. New materials, such as body of large-area cover plate is mainly used for high performance engineering plastics, glass fiber reinforced material and carbon fiber reinforced material processing technology is relatively complex, processing cycle is long. It is also an important factor in influencing and restricting the adoption of these new materials in automobile manufacturing.
Lightweight material can be realized
Automotive lightweighting refers to the guarantee the strength and the premise of safety performance, reduce car servicing quality as much as possible, in order to improve fuel economy, at the same time reduce the amount of pollution emissions. There are many kinds of lightweight materials, such as high strength steel plate, new cast iron technology, alloy material (aluminum, titanium, magnesium and rare earth metals etc.), powder metallurgy material, etc. Non-metallic materials are engineering plastics, carbon/glass fiber composite materials, aluminum matrix composites, honeycomb sandwich materials, rubber materials, among them, the most widely used engineering plastics in the car.
Globally, engineering plastics are moving towards high performance, low cost and green direction. Technological breakthroughs are aimed at the high - level, multi-functional and intelligentized materials of materials, thus reducing the cost of production, extending the service life, and improving the added value and market competitiveness of the products. The automobile is the field of engineering plastic application more, accounting for about 14%. Using engineering plastics instead of all kinds of expensive metal materials are widely used in the car, can greatly reduce the quality of vehicle equipment, but also improve the flexibility of vehicle design and modelling beautiful sex, reduce the cost of spare parts processing, assembly process.
According to song yanling of the Great Wall motor vehicle materials engineering research institute, non-metallic materials account for about 30 percent to 35 percent of the total weight of the body, which is about 350~400Kg in total. Among them, plastic material 130~ 150Kg, elastomer material 50~ 70Kg. Moreover, with the upgrade of the model, the application of engineering plastics has increased. For example, ABS and its alloys and modified PP materials are mainly used in interior and exterior accessories, and as the price of the vehicle increases, ABS and its alloy application proportion gradually increase. PA materials are mainly used in power, chassis parts and structural parts, accounting for about 20% of the plastic of the whole vehicle. For polyamide, the automobile industry is the largest consumer market. ; Other kinds of plastic materials (polyester, POM, PC, etc.) are mainly used in electronic components and structural parts, accounting for about 15% of the plastic.
There are also numerous application cases of engineering plastics in cars. For example, the engine oil base case of the production of the production of the DSM of DSM of DSM of the royal DSM of the Netherlands has significantly reduced the weight of the vehicle. Peugeot 508 will be the first model to benefit from DSM's innovative solutions. The new type of plastic oil is 60 percent lighter than the original metal oil. The new type of oil subshell was selected from the akulonultraflowk-fhg7 category, and a 35% glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 material, which has high fluidity and thermal stability.
A vehicle manufacturers are European from evonik VESTAMID ® HTplus poly phthalic acid (PPA) material applied in batch production of gear lever parts. The traditional gearbar components are made of metal. PPA to clutch system commonly used in lubricant and gasoline with antiskid properties, in addition to have high chemical resistance, made by the module also has a very high dimensional stability and excellent mechanical properties, such as hardness and tensile strength.
Celanese company's high-performance Fortron PPS plastics (PPS) are being used to continental, research and development production to assist the safe driving of head-up display, the plastic is hard and high temperature resistant, has the minimum allowable error, can realize the exact dimensions of various components.
On the other hand, the development of new automobile technology also introduces the development of engineering plastics. In recent years, the trend of the miniaturization of automobile engines has made the surrounding materials of the engine more demanding to the temperature resistance, which has promoted the development of high temperature and temperature engineering plastics.
Lanxess company on K2013 two Durethan polyamide series thermal stability of the system, namely XTS1 and XTS2, main characteristic is the continuous use of high performance thermoplastic temperature increased by more than 60 ℃. The first brand is a polyamide 6 durethanbkv30xts1 XTS1 material, its long-term working temperature of 200 ℃. The material may be used in the engine room including air ducts, inlet pipes and other body accessories bearing high thermal stress. XTS2 series products of long term working temperature or even as high as 230 ℃.
Materials science is developing towards the direction of the composite material, through certain technical means and technology of the different kinds and properties of composite materials together, complement each other, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, is likely to get stronger than a single material performance of composite materials, such as glass fiber/carbon fiber plastic composite materials, in the automobile industry is no exception.
Basf has taken the first step in the direction of the composite materials - Ultracom, the widespread fusion of the combination of product and service innovation is the continuous fiber reinforced semi-finished laminate, plus basf polyamide (Ultramid) the package plastic injection molding products series of modified materials, as well as a complete development and service platform for parts production. Basf has entered the semi-finished parts market for automotive composite materials through the Ultracom product. The emphasis applies to body and chassis parts made of composite materials, which can be reduced by 60% compared with steel. Basf expects the market for composite components to reach about 2 billion euros by 2025, if it develops well. To actively participate and promote market formation, basf plans to spend tens of millions of euros on research and development in thermoplastic and thermosetting composites over the next three years.
The emergence of electric vehicles also made new demands on the vehicle materials. Starting from the vehicle design train of thought, the electric car design should reconsider the vehicle's center of gravity, load distribution, power supply and the location of the driving gear, and a few years ago I proposed the concept of automobile design decrement can now get a specific embodiment.
Plastic instead of metal, in fact, in addition to the lightweight, can also reduce the friction between the auto transmission parts, particularly with the surface of the metal (aluminum, copper) friction, which can reduce the coefficient of friction, and can improve the sealing. Achieve better wear resistance; At the same time improve the design flexibility and component integration; Improve safety, comfort and fuel efficiency and better seal noise. Data show that almost 70% of equipment damage is caused by various forms of wear and tear. The friction loss of automobile accounts for about 48% of the total energy loss. So the benefits of plastic for cars are far more than just light quantification.
Dequantification begins with design
The reduction must be considered in terms of structure, which is a revolutionary design method. In the principle of functional concentration, it reduces volume and external dimensions and makes the structure more compact. Reduce the number of parts as much as possible without sacrificing the performance of the vehicle.
Modern cars have adopted new materials in large quantities, and traditional body structure and design methods are no longer applicable
